Biology, philosophy of

By Lewens, Tim

Biologists sometimes look perplexed when they are told of the existence of a subject called ‘The Philosophy of Biology’. What, they ask, is there to philosophise about in ...

Buddhist philosophy, Chinese

By Lusthaus, Dan

When Buddhism first entered China from India and Central Asia two thousand years ago, Chinese favourably disposed towards it tended to view it as a part or companion ...

Buddhist philosophy, Indian

By Hayes, Richard P.

Buddhism was an important ingredient in the philosophical melange of the Indian subcontinent for over a millennium. From an inconspicuous beginning a few centuries before Christ, Buddhist scholasticism ...

Buddhist philosophy, Japanese

By Maraldo, John C.

Buddhism transformed Japanese culture and in turn was transformed in Japan. Mahāyāna Buddhist thought entered Japan from the East Asian continent as part of a cultural complex that ...

Buddhist philosophy, Korean

By Cho, Sungtaek

Buddhism was transmitted to the Korean peninsula from China in the middle of the fourth century ad. Korea at this time was divided into three kingdoms: Kokuryô, ...

Bar Hiyya, Abraham

see Bar Hayya, Abraham.

Basso, Sebastiano

see Aristotelianism in the 17th century.

Bayesianism

see Confirmation theory. Inductive inference. Probability, interpretations of. Probability theory and epistemology. Ramsey, Frank Plumpton. Statistics.

Beneficence

see Help and beneficence.

Bernardus Silvestris

see Bernard of Tours.

Bhāvaviveka

see Buddhism, Mādhyamika: India and Tibet.

Biology, philosophy of

see Evolution, theory of. Genetics. Molecular biology. Species. Taxonomy. Vitalism.

Bion of Borysthenes

see Cynics.

Blaise of Parma

see Blasius of Parma.

Blame

see Praise and blame.

Blasius de Pelacanis

see Blasius of Parma.

Book of Causes

see Liber de causis.

Book of Changes

see Yijing.

Bracketing

see Phenomenology, epistemic issues in.

Brethren of Purity

see Ikhwan al-Safa’.

British empiricists

see Hume, David. Locke, John.

bSam-yas

see Tibetan philosophy.

Buddhist doctrine of momentariness

see Momentariness, Buddhist doctrine of.

Buddhist doctrine of nominalism

see Nominalism, Buddhist doctrine of.

Buddhist philosophy in Tibet

see Tibetan philosophy.